Methodology introduction

First stage: the scope

Second stage: the design

Third stage: organization 

Fourth stage: Data collection

Fifth stage: Disaggregation

Sixth stage: Revision

Seventh stage: Publication

Eighth stage: Assessment

Ninth stage: Management

Introduction: 

The General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT) implements all its statistical works in accordance with a unified methodology that conforms with the nature of each statistical product. It depends on the Manual of Statistical Works Procedures that compile with the work procedures approved by international organizations. The statistical product goes through eight connected stages, in addition to a ninth one represented in the stage of “Comprehensive Management” as illustrated in the below chart: 

The first three stages (Scope, design, and organization)  are collaborative stages between GASTAT and its clients from the different developmental entities. However, the fourth stage (Data collection)  is a collaborative stage between GASTAT and the statistical community either households or establishments, in order to complete data and information. On the other hand, the rest of the stages are considered statistical stages carried out by GASTAT, including ( Disaggregation, revision, and publication). After that, the eighth stage(Evaluation)  is done through collaboration with clients again, whereas the (Management) stage is an administrative and organizational stage thatis connected with all stages. These stages have been applied on the  Household Culture and Entertainment Survey  as follows: 

First stage: The scope

The first step in the process of producing  ( Household Culture and Entertainment Survey), it is also the first collaborative stage between GASTAT and  partner entities which include ( Ministry of Culture, General Authority for Culture, General Entertainment Authority, Saudi Commission for Tourism and Natural Heritage, and Ministry of Media) . Many workshops and meeting have been held between GASTAT and these organizations to understand their needs and requirements as they are considered data providers and users at the same time 

The feedback of these organization has been taken into consideration to assure the achievement of all Household Culture and Entertainmnet Survey  objectives which can be summarized in:  

1. To provide recent statistical data on household’ culture and entertainment by ( gender, nationality, educational status, , age, marital status ). 
2. To know whether the household has home library and the kind of books it contains.  
3. To know the percentage of individuals who read newspapers, magazines, and books, and determine the average weekly reading hours 
4. To identify the reasons why individuals do not read newspapers, magazines, and books 
5. To identify the percentage of individuals who travelled inside and outside Saudi Arabia for cultural and entertainment purposes during the last 12 months 
6. To identify the reasons why individuals travelled outside Saudi Arabia for cultural and entertainment purposes .
7. To know the extent to which individuals are interested in cultural and entertainment activities inside and outside Saudi Arabia .
8. To determine the cultural and entertainment places that individuals visited in their place of residence, and inside and outside Saudi Arabia during the last 12 months. 
9. To identify the percentage of TV watching and the average daily watching hours. 
10. To identify the percentage of radio listening and the places where individuals listen to radio in 
11. To know the types of cultural and entertainment activities practiced by individuals during their spare time, and the average weekly hours spent on each activity 
12. To determine the preferred language while  (reading, writing, speaking, watching, and listening). 

Second stage: The design

The stage of designing the statistical work as a  complete  product. Through this stage, the statistical community is determined, statistical framework, survey sample, and  the questionnaire are designed, methods and tools of data collection are identified, and sampling units are specified. Clients collaborate in all these procedures to benefit from their feedbacks, so that all requirements can be achieved within the statistical product .

The most important outputs of this stage are :

1.1. Statistical community: 

Statistical community of  the Household Culture and Entertainment Survey  consists of all individuals (Saudis and non-Saudis)  who habitually live in Saudi Arabia.  

1.2. Source of statistics: 

To obtain its data, the bulletin depends on the household field survey of (Household Culture and Entertainment Survey) which was implemented by GASTAT for the first time in 2018, and continued to be implemented periodically every three years. It is a household field survey conducted by GASTAT under the (Knowledge statistics) category. Information is collected by visiting a sample of households from all administrative regions of Saudi Arabia. In addition to completing an electronic questionnaire that includes a number of questions. This survey provides estimates and indicators on detailed and accurate data of the culture and entertainment sector to support decision makers in developing and following up with the progress of developmental plans, meeting the needs of governmental and private sectors for statistical data and information on culture and entertainment, studying the field, and making proper plans for the related activities, which would benefit the economy and community, provide data and information that enable planners to make regional and international comparisons, and specify the weakness points in the culture and entertainment field in Saudi Arabia. It would also help in providing data and information about the individuals’ interests and hobbies which help in making decisions in the planning process to create new occupational jobs that support the development of Saudi labour market.    

1.3. Termenologies and concepts of Household Culture and Entertainment Survey

Culture:

A diverse set of religious, tangible, intellectual and emotional characteristics that distinguish a particular society or group. Besides art and literature, the concept of culture encompasses lifestyles, ways of living together, as well as the norms of values, traditions and beliefs.

Entertainment activities:

Activities practiced to enjoy or relax for entertainment purposes. 

Home library:

A library established by households in their homes, and contains books and sources of information.

Biographies:

Books that provide a detailed description of a person's life by listing facts about him, such as his education, career, social and other relationships, as well as the exact details of his experiences.

Religious books:

Efforts of scholars of religion in classifying publications and writing books in various fields of Islamic law, including the holy books of divine religions.

Paper / electronic newspapers:

Paper newspaper is a periodical paper publication that is often released on a daily or weekly basis. It includes news, articles, fixed columns of the book, caricatures, advertisements, and other contents that usually attract the attention of the public. 

Electronic newspapers  are  prepared by using computer, or converted from  a  printed form to digital form by using the method of electronic scanning and electronic character recognition. Such newspapers are intended to be read electronically.

Follow-up job vacancies:

A regular follow- up of job vacancies available in newspapers (which can be published on the internet). 

Paper / electronic magazines:

Paper magazines are a collection of photographs and articles periodically published as a paper form. They contain articles often on a particular subject or aimed at a particular readership, and have a fixed title.

Electronic magazines  are  prepared by using computer, or converted from  a printed form to digital form by using the method of electronic scanning and electronic character recognition. Such magazines are intended to be read electronically.

Paper / electronic books:

Paper book is a source of information that includes a collection of papers, most of which are printed and bound together in a cover. UNESCO has defined the book as a non-periodical publication of at least 49 pages embraced by a cover.

E-books  are  prepared by using computer, or converted from  a  printed form to digital form by using the method of electronic scanning and electronic character recognition. Such books are intended to be read electronically.

Archaeological and historical places:

Archaeological sites and buildings that have different values and reflect historical, artistic, and aesthetic symbolic significance, such as: Qaṣr al-Maṣmak and Al Ibrahimi Palace.

Museum:

 permanent institution in the service of society and its development, open to the public. The purpose of museums is to collect, preserve, research, communicate, and exhibit the heritage of humanity and its environment for the purposes of education, study and enjoyment, as defined by the International Council of Museums(ICOM). There are tens of thousands of museums around the world that collect objects of scientific, artistic, and historical importance, and make them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary. The Arabic Encyclopedia has defined the museum as "an institution for preserving ancient relics, rare antiques, masterpieces of sculptures, paintings, and other similar items of cultural heritage. The museum may include works of scientific and art, in addition to information on history and technology

Cultural landscapes:

A joint work between humans and nature, expressing the long and intimate relationship between humans and his natural environment. Examples of cultural landscapes include: Al-Bujairi in Riyadh, Juatha in Al-Ahsa, and Mada’in Saleh in Al-Ula.

Natural Heritage:

Natural features and delineated areas that constitute the habitat of threatened species of animals and plants and natural sites of value from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty. It includes nature parks and reserves, zoos, aquaria and botanical gardens.

Celebrations:

Gathering of persons for the purpose of commemorating social, cultural, religious or quarterly occasions. Such celebrations strengthen and consolidate bonds of the relationship between the individuals.

Fine arts:

In general, art describes the human talent and skill to express himself. It is both the emotion and thought behind any given drawings, sculptures, poems, handcrafts, etc. Fine arts are visual arts with a great sense of beauty. They include all artistic creations represent beauty and imaginations which help to create something new, unique, and meaningful such as: painting, sculpture, architecture, and dance.

Sports:

 Group sports and individual sports. Examples of team sports are: basketball, volleyball, tennis, football, water polo, cricket, rowing, handball, etc. However, individual sports include: swimming, athletics of all kinds, walking, table tennis, horseback riding, show jumping, and martial arts games such as boxing, fencing, and karate

Theater :

The  place where stories are performed. it is one of the branches of performance or acting that translates stories or literary scripts before a live audience. This is done by using theatrical dialogue, cinematography, gestures, music, and sound on the theater stage. The building of the theater has special design and decoration.

National Cultural Festival:

A public celebration that is usually under a cultural or national framework. It is a mass celebrations held to mark a happy event or to commemorate fond memories.

Travelling for cultural and entertainment purposes:

To move from one place to another in a short or long trip. This includes any individual who travels inside or outside Saudi Arabia for work or any other reason, and visits cultural or entertaining activities while travelling. 

Holidays break:

The time during which workers take a break to celebrate Islamic Eids .

Summer vacation:

The period during which students and workers take a break. It usually starts in June and ends in August. 

Leaves: 

The annual leave that the employer deserves. S/he can enjoy it at one time or divide it over one year . 

Photography:

The science or art of taking photos .

Crafts:

Products that are made by hand, hand tools, or sometimes with the help of simple mechanical tools. Crafts should be useful, aesthetics, artistic, creative, cultural, decorative, practical, traditional, symbolic and important at the religious and social levels. There are six categories of crafts: straw-based crafts, leather, metal, pottery, textile, and wooden products.  

Performance Arts:

Activities of professional and amateurs. They include: theatre, dancing, opera, and music.  

Video Games:

Electronic games that require interaction with any device such as: TV, computer screen, play station, or mobile phone . 

Movies and Videos:

One of the entertaining and educational products. It includes movies, short movies, live movies cartoon movies, TV programs recorded on internet, documentaries, and all types of video clips including the downloadable ones .

Social Media Networks:

A set of websites on the internet. It aims to build a communication between a group of individuals or establishments around the world. These websites provide many services such as the ability to speak chat, make audio calls, or make video calls with other individuals. Examples of these sites are ( Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat…etc ). 

Fashion Design:

One of the applied arts that ar e specialized in clothing and apparel design. It includes all kinds of apparel such as shoes and jewelry. 

Graphic Design:

Use of printing and copying. Graphic designers create and insert symbols, images, and texts to create a visual image for all messages and ideas. Examples of graphic design are: companies’ designs (logos and commercial brands), editing design (magazines, newspapers, and books) ,sites design or environmental design, advertisements, websites design, telecommunication design, products packaging, banners, and signs . 

Interior Design:

Enhancing the interior of a building to process all its spaces and dimensions to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment for the people using the building. Examples of graphic design are walls design, furniture design, windows design, and others .

Landscape Design:

It covers the design of lands and gardens to be used by humans. It is generally linked with the design of buildings and their surrounding places, whether these buildings are private or public. However, it can be linked with the design of spacious places such as public gardens and reserves. 

Architecture: 

The art and techniques of design and construction. It comes in the form of an engineering drawing with a time schedule to implement a project that has been implemented already on an architectural drawing . 

Social Occasions:

A gathering of a group of persons for social, cultural, or religious reasons. It expresses how deep are the relations between the gathered people. Example of this is family gathering  .

Cultural Identity: 

To have an identity or belong to a certain group. It is part of how someone understands and recognize him/herself. This identity id associated with nationality, race, religion, social class, generation, region, language, or any other social category that has its own culture. Therefore, cultural identity is considered an outstanding characteristic of individuals who share the same culture .

Cultural Club:

A club concerned with organizing poetry nights, public and literary cultural competitions, and participations in festivals and scientific lectures. 

Public Library: 

A library that serves all citizens and residents. It includes a huge quantity of information and knowledge and facilitate their access to all society members, so that they can check them and lend them any time. Information sources are no restricted to printed books only, they also include periodicals, engineering drawings, Atlases, maps, newspapers, and ancient manuscripts. 

 Associations:

Association can be defined as an agreement between two persons or more. It aims to achieve a mutual cooperation or a mutual activity between them by using mutual information. It should not be profitable .

Blogs:

It is an action of transferring one’s ideas, feelings, or others’ sayings into a readable text that can be memorized and transferred to others as an information .

Street Art:

It is one of the visual arts created in the street especially in public places such as: stickers art, engraving, and graffiti . 

1.3.1. Indicators:

1.4. Used statistical classifications:

The classification is a group of organized related categories that are used to collect data according to their similarity. It is considered the base of data collection and publishing in all statistical fields (economic activity, products, expenditures, professions or health ... etc.). classifying data and information will help in setting them in meaningful categories in order to produce useful statistics. Data collection requires accurate order based on their common characteristics to obtain reliable and comparable statistics, Household Culture and Entertainment Survey was placed to international criteria while collecting its data, and it depends on the following classification:

National guide for countries and nationalities :

It is an international and unified classification that covers countries and their affiliated territories, it is based on (ISO3166 country codes). The classification gives codes to countries and their affiliated territories. Using these codes and numbers instead of the country name is more beneficial for statistical purposes in which it saves time and avoids any errors. The classification is used in the Household culture and entertainment Survey to classify Saudi or non-Saudi individuals. 

1.5. Questionnare design:

Questionnaire of field data collection: 

The survey questionnaire was prepared and designed by culture and entertainment specialists. When designing the questionnaire, international standards and definitions were taken into 

The form will be transformed into an electronic copy that can be reached through the tablet-based data collection system, which will allow: 

1. Reviewing the field researcher work zone (survey sample)
2. Reaching to the sample (household) by using the map in the tablet
3. Completing the data by using data auditing and navigation rules (to discover errors of inputs and non-logical inputs when completing the data)
4. Communication between the supervisory categories is through sending and receiving the notes with the field researcher

1.6. Coverage:

1.6.1. Spatial coverage:

It covers the statistics related to the labor market across all administrative regions in Saudi Arabia, which are 13 regions. The following regions are included in this survey: (Riyadh, Makkah, Madinah, Qassim, Eastern Region, Asir, Tabuk, Hail, Northern Borders, Jazan, Najran, Al-Baha and Al-Jouf). This is done through the visit to the sample of households from each region, which were chosen by a scientific method in order to present the household for each region. 

1.6.2. Time coverage:

• Metadata of the household and dwelling characteristics are based on the time of the researcher visit to the household. 
• General characteristics of individuals inside the household are based on the week preceding the researcher visit to the household. 
• Reading data of individuals and data of the visited places, travelling inside and outside Saudi Arabia, TV viewing, listening to the radio, free-time activities, national ID data are all base on the last 12 months preceding the researcher visit to the household. 

1.7. Statistical framework: 

• The 2018 updated framework of the Housing and Population Census (1431H. – 2010)) was used
• The lists, maps and analytical specifications of the units have been developed to select the data providers (households).
• The required metadata has been identified in order to create the statistical framework and the testing framework, and verify its validity and use for the current survey cycle.

1.8. Sample design:

1. To obtain highly efficient and effective estimates, the survey community is divided into non-overlapping parts characterized by relative homogeneity in their units. Each part is considered as a layer, and each layer is treated independently. So that a random sample is drawn from each layer in an independent way, and eventually all the scanned units are combined to form the total sample.
2. The sampling units from the statistical frameworks that are designed to cover the targeted statistical community is selected. The selection included two stages; in the first stage, the primary sampling units are selected which the enumeration areas are resulting from the process of buildings and real-estate units coding and enumeration. (943) enumeration areas were selected which are distributed across all levels in the administrative regions of the Kingdom by using the method that is suitable with the size by weighting the Saudi households’ number. In the second stage, the final sampling units were randomly drawn from the statistical areas, which are the households in the enumeration areas that were chosen in the first stage using the regular random sample. (18) households were chosen from each enumeration area, totaling (16974) households at the level of Saudi Arabia.

The optimal methodology to select the sampling units is prepared in order to provide satisfying outputs, with the quality required and the minimum efforts of data providers, by using known statistical methods such as the rotation and interference control methods.

• The required metadata to apply the statistical framework and select the sample was identified.
• The sample unit was tested and evaluated, and its validity and use for the current survey cycle is verified.

Third stage: organization

It is the last stage of the preparation that precedes the process of household visits and data collection. The work procedures required for the preparation of the labor market statistics have been prepared in this stage. It will begin from the next stage "collection stage" and will end with the “assessment stage”. In addition, the procedures are organized and collected and its appropriate order is determined in order to reach a methodology that achieves the objectives of this survey.  At this stage, the procedures that were done in the preparation of the previous version of  Household Culture and Entertainment Survey  were reviewed to develop the work procedures in this version. These procedures were also described and documented to facilitate the updates in the future cycles. Furthermore, the statistical work procedures were tried and tested to ensure that they meet the requirements of the preparation of  the survey in its final form. Then, the procedures of the statistical work are approved, and the road map of the implementation is developed.

Testing the efficiency of input systems and the process of transmission, synchronization and review of data, which is carried out through tablets or desktops of the labour force survey, is one of the most important procedures at this stage.

Fourth stage: data collection:

The sample was selected by identifying 16974 households to represent the survey’s community at Saudi Arabia’s level and distributed based on the administrative regions, as follows: