Definition
Survey description
Related Terms and their Definitions
General Definitions used in the survey
Main and specialized definitions used in the survey
Most important results and indicators
First: Metadata
Introduction:
Cabinet decree no. (211) of 13/1/1437H gave the General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT) the right to conduct statistical operations in the economic, social and population fields on behalf of the kingdom and publish them periodically. Based on this right, GASTAT has carried out programs and surveys with a view to providing a statistical database on the environment.
According to GASTAT plans and programs, GASTAT, represented in the Environmental Statistics Department, will conduct the Economic (Industrial) Environment Survey. 2017.
The civil society has showed an increasing interest in issues of environment and ecological pollution and problems caused by unbalanced activities. The environment has recently become a hot issue and a concern for decision-makers and the citizens alike.
The industrial sector is the biggest source of pollution that causes environmental degradation as a result of its solid wastes (which are produced during the industrialization stages according to a circle that aims at transforming the raw materials into prepared materials). The more transformation stages increases, the more wastes and air and liquid pollutants increase.
The provision of modern data and information about this sector that are fit to standards and classifications has become an urgent necessity to help decision-makers and policy-makers to follow the successful methods to develop the environment of the industrial sector and reduce the resulting pollution.
Results of this survey will enable GASTAT to meet the requirements of the beneficiaries and highlight the status of the economic (industrial) environment of the Kingdom through creating accurate and comprehensive statistical indicators that meet the repeated requests raised by local and international organizations and parties.
Definition:
The Economic Industrial Environment Survey reflects the norms of water and energy consumption in the Kingdom by the establishments and wastes resulting from these activities and potential ecological effects.
Survey description:
The Economic Industrial Environment Survey is considered a modern survey that will be conducted for the first time by GASTAT. The survey is expected to be a main source of data necessary for preparing environmental statistics. Data of the Economic Industrial Environment Survey will be gathered on an annual basis from establishments working in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Based on the gathered information, it is expected to produce a number of statistical indicators in the field of water and energy consumption and wastes resulting from these economic activities, monitor climate changes and take the necessary decisions.
Related Terms and their Definitions:
The importance of terms and definitions lies in unifying the work methods as a guide for field workers and explaining these definitions to insiders and beneficiaries from the survey results.
First: General Definitions used in the survey
Administrative Region:
A part of the Kingdom supervised by a government agency affiliated with the Interior Ministry. The administrative region is composed of a number of provinces. The Kingdom is composed of 13 administrative regions.
City:
A locality divided into districts (neighborhoods)
District (Neighborhood):
A part of the city; It includes a group of buildings, streets and roads and has a common name. It is surrounded by main streets that separate it from neighboring districts.
Sector:
A statistical division; It is a geographical space that contains a group of blocks and streets and surrounded by main streets from all sides.
Block:
A geographical space surrounded by streets from all sides. It is composed of a building or a group of adjacent buildings without open roads. The block could be of a square, rectangular or irregular shape.
Establishment:
An economic entity with legal personality; It has a fixed location and carries out a certain economic activity. It is owned by one or a group of individuals, company or semi- government sector. The establishment is the smallest economic unit that may have data on workers, their remunerations, expenditure, revenues and capital formations.
Economic activity:
All activities performed or services provided by the establishment in return for consideration. Sometimes, the establishment gets nothing in return, such as charities that are financed by donations.
The economic activity classification of establishments is based on ISIC Rev.4 (International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Rev.4) along with limited amendments to suit establishments working in the Kingdom. The main activity of an establishment in the survey was defined by a six-digit economic classification. In case the establishment has two economic activities or more, the most profitable economic activity is selected.
Second: Main and specialized definitions used in the survey:
Water consumption:
The quantity of consumed (used) water in the establishment that cannot be returned to its main source after being withdrawn;
Purchased water:
All kinds of water that were purchased from the National Company, private sector, individuals or any other source for consumption inside the establishment or in the production processes;
Self-produced water:
Water that was produced or extracted by the establishment;
Seawater:
Water that was withdrawn from the seawater and used in the establishment;
Fresh surface water:
Water that was extracted from any surface water source such as rivers, lakes or permanent and temporary rains;
Fresh groundwater:
Fresh water that was extracted from wells and contains a little concentration of salts, making it fit for use or treatment for drinking.
Saline groundwater:
Water that was extracted from wells and used in the establishment; It has a less concentration of salts than seawater.
Desalinated Water:
Water obtained from desalinating seawater or saline groundwater.
Treated wastewater:
Wastewater that was chemically, mechanically or biologically treated for reuse;
Solid wastes of chemicals:
Solid materials produced during the industrialization stages such as: Dust of chemical materials as pesticide powders and dust of industrial processes as cement and asbestos (Amiant), which enter via the nose and mouth.
Liquid wastes of chemicals:
Liquid materials produced during the industrialization stages such as: Organic liquids - acids - paints - liquid detergents - liquid pesticides used by skin absorption, swallowing or injection
Plastic wastes:
Manufactured polymers, which are oil derivatives; Plastics are considered a basic material in many industries.
Ferrous metal residues:
A category of ferrous metals; all these metals contain iron. Iron composition differs from one metal to another. An example of ferrous metals is: Magnetite hematite (iron oxide) is the colored black crystal with natural magnetic characteristics and others.
Non-ferrous metal residues:
Metals that don't contain iron; they contain one or more elements other than iron. Examples of non-ferrous metals are: Copper, silver and gold.
Paper wastes:
Wastes whose characteristics have been defined given its formation of paper and paperboard, which can be generated by any activity; Such as: Economical paper and paperboard or that resulted from local wastes of an establishment.
Electronic wastes:
Wastes of electronic and electric devices, whose duration period have expired; Such as: TVs, computers, telephones and other communication tools and visual and sound recording devices, household devices and other devices and tools used in our daily life.
Waste containers:
Containers used in temporarily keeping wastes and other unwanted materials. It is one of waste disposal tools.
Waste combustion:
Systematic combustion of wastes, which may or may not be associated with restoring energy from them; it is one of waste disposal tools.
Waste recycling:
A process of re-processing wastes in accordance with a production process with a view to moving them out of the wastes line. An exception is the reuse of wastes as a fuel. This definition includes the re-processing for obtaining the same product or for other purposes. Waste recycling is one of the waste disposal tools.
Waste sale:
Wastes that are sold to other companies for recycling or inserting them in other industries such as raw materials; It is one of the waste disposal tools.
Contracting with a specialized company for waste disposal:
Solid wastes that are disposed by another contracted company. This company collects these wastes.
Crude Petroleum:
Heavy flammable liquid, which is black and tends to greenness; It can be found at the upper layer of the crustal. It is one of important primary energy sources. It is used in producing electricity and operating factories, means of transportation and engines.
Natural gas:
Liquid or liquefied hydrocarbons that are extracted from natural gas through methods of separation or in gas refining plants;
Liquefied natural gas:
Natural gas is cooled at nearly 160 Celsius under atmospheric pressure to be condensed into its liquid form known as liquefied natural gas (LNG). It is odorless, colorless and non-toxic and does not cause corrosion.
Compressed natural gas:
A combustible gas mixture that is composed of hydrocarbon gases such as Methane and Ethane, which are available in the deep layers of the Earth;
Petroleum capacitors:
Petroleum capacitors from natural gas; such products are used for mixing with Gasoline or for producing gasoline. It can be added to exported oil for increasing its quantity and improving the oil density as it contains light hydrocarbon liquids, which are high-valued materials that can be used in the petrochemical industry.
Natural gas liquids:
A mixture of Ethane, Propane, Biotin (normal and Iso) and (Iso) Bentine and some high alkanes;
Liquid petroleum gases:
A mixture of gases and is extracted from natural gas or from crude oil fractionation. It mainly consists of Propane and Butane or a mixture of them. It is used as a fuel for heating and household cooking, and as a fuel for some types of engines. It is additionally used as a raw material in some chemical industries.
Propane (from liquid petroleum gases):
A chemical compound that is derived by oil distillation or during natural gas extraction processes.
Butane (from liquid petroleum gases):
A chemical compound that is derived by oil distillation or during natural gas extraction processes.
Gasoline 91:
A hydrocarbon fuel that is mainly used in internal combustion engines. Octane 91 and this number represents the primary combustion resistance.
Gasoline 95:
A hydrocarbon fuel that is mainly used in internal combustion engines. Octane 95 and this number represents the primary combustion resistance.
Kerosene:
A mixture of hydrocarbons distilled between 145 and 300 Celsius.
Aviation fuel:
A mixture of kerosene that fits aviation conditions and has certain characteristics such as a freezing point;
Other kerosene materials:
Kerosene is used for warming, cooking, lighting, solvents and internal combustion engines;
Diesel:
A hydrocarbon fuel that is extracted through crude oil distillation; It is a heavy oil that is distilled between 220 -380 Celsius.
Gas oil:
Semi-distilled gas oils are basically composed of carbons distilled at 160-420 Celsius;
Petroleum naphtha:
Light and semi-heavy oils distilled at 30-210 Celsius;
Fuel oil:
Liquid petroleum oils obtained as remains or results from the oil distillation process. They are burnt for heat and power generation.
Ethane:
Gas hydrocarbons extracted from natural gas and gas refining.
Ethylene:
Gas hydrocarbons extracted from natural gas and gas refining.
Bitumen:
A solid or semi-solid material or sticky carbonates of gluten composition that tends to the brown or black color; it is obtained as remains in the crude oil distillation process.
Petroleum coke:
A black solid by-product obtained by cracking and carbonating feeding oils distilled from petroleum, empty bottoms, tar and pitch in processes such as slow coking or liquid coking.
Lubricant oils:
Oils produced from crude oil. They are basically used to reduce friction between sliding surfaces and through the metal cutting process.
Electricity:
A term that refers to the work exerted to free an electric charge in a conductor. Kilowatt/hour is the unit used to measure the rate of energy transfer.
Solar energy:
Power produced from sun rays and used in water heating, power generation, drying and other forms.
Wastes:
Total wastes of human household, agricultural, industrial and production activities, which harm health and public safety if left unattended;
Heat:
A form of energy that results from the vibratory rational movement of materials in addition to changes in its physical state;
Cooling:
Amount of heat pulled out of the body or reducing the temperature of a place or material to a lesser degree.
Steam:
Gaseous state of water, which produces from water boiling and evaporation; It is colorless and lighter than air.
Objectives:
- Economic Industrial Environment Survey aims to help decision-makers and policy-makers to achieve the following:
- Providing data about water consumption and production at economic establishments.
- Providing data about waste consumption and production at economic establishments.
- Recognizing waste disposal methods at economic establishments.
- Providing data and indicators that help decision-makers to draft proper policies with a view to improving environment.
- Recognizing the most water-consuming and water-producing economic activities.
- Recognizing the most waste-consuming and waste-producing economic activities.
- Recognizing the most power-consuming and power-producing products
- Creating a large database to be used as a credible source for conducting environmental studies and researches at economical industrial establishments.
Aspects of benefit:
Providing researchers, students and those interested in environmental statistical data at economic industrial establishments to be used in the field of scientific researches and studies that contribute in highlighting and developing activity in the Kingdom.
Conducting local, regional and international comparisons about environmental surveys at economic industrial establishments.
Periodical survey:
GASTAT conducts the Economic Industrial Environment Survey on an annual basis.
Data Source :
Statistical data that are gathered from a sample of economic establishments in the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC4);
Coverage:
Spatial Coverage: It covers all administrative regions in the Kingdom. The Economic Environment Survey includes all economic establishments in the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC4).
Timeline: All data and information in the Economic Environment Survey form are based on financial year 2016.
Sampling unit:
- Primary sampling unit: Counting area:
- Secondary sampling unit: Establishment.
Used classification:
Economic Activities Index (ISICREV.4): The updated International Standard Industrial Classification is divided into (17) parts. Each part is composed of one digit. Each part includes (60) chapters and each chapter is composed of two digits. Each chapter is divided into (154) groups and each group is composed of three digits. Each group is divided into a number of categories and each category is composed of four digits. These categories are divided into economic activities and each activity is composed of six digits. The new division of this index has allowed the freedom to update any developments in the index in the future. It has also allowed the addition of new symbols for activities at the level of more than five digits according to future requirements.
Most important results and indicators:
Many indicators and results can be deduced from the Economic Industrial Environment Survey, including:
- The annual consumption and value of purchased electricity as well as electricity produced in economic establishments.
- Number of establishments that produce water and the total water produced in economic establishments.
- Production capacity of water from different sources.
- Consumption of purchased water.
- Water produced from (seawater, surface water, groundwater and wastewater) in economic establishments.
- Consumption of self-produced water from (seawater, surface water, groundwater and wastewater) in economic establishments.
- Number of establishments that consume wastes.
- Value and consumption of wastes such as (solid chemical materials, liquid chemical materials, plastics, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, paper, electronics and others).
- Quantity and value of waste purchases (solid chemical materials, liquid chemical materials, plastics, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, paper, electronics and others).
- Quantity of products from wastes (solid chemical materials, liquid chemical materials, plastics, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, paper, electronics, spinning and weaving, batteries, tires, used oils, woods, organic materials and others).
- Quantity and value of waste sales (solid chemical materials, liquid chemical materials, plastics, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, paper, electronics, spinning and weaving, batteries, tires, used oils, woods, organic materials and others).
- Quantity of wastes disposed by combustion (solid chemical materials, liquid chemical materials, plastics, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, paper, electronics, spinning and weaving, batteries, tires, used oils, woods, organic materials and others).
- Quantity of recycled wastes (solid chemical materials, liquid chemical materials, plastics, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, paper, electronics, spinning and weaving, batteries, tires, used oils, woods, organic materials and others).
- Quantity of wastes disposed by waste containers (solid chemical materials, liquid chemical materials, plastics, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, paper, electronics, spinning and weaving, batteries, tires, used oils, woods, organic materials and others).
- Quantity of wastes disposed by contracting a specialized company (solid chemical materials, liquid chemical materials, plastics, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, paper, electronics, spinning and weaving, batteries, tires, used oils, woods, organic materials and others).
- Quantity and value of materials used for energy production at economic establishments.
- Quantity and value of sales of electricity produced from (natural gas, solar power, wastes, diesel and others).
Beneficiaries:
- General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT)
- Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture
- General Authority of Meteorology and Environment.
- Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs.
- Policy-makers and decision-makers.
- Researchers and academics.
Second: Survey methodology
Looking into needs:
Search needs are defined based on meetings with the most important beneficiaries and taking their opinions and requirements before conducting the survey.
Survey form design:
Design of the survey form was prepared and designed by specialists and experts in the field of environment. International standards and definitions were taken into account while designing the form. The form was divided into five sections:
- First section includes data about economic activity of establishment.
- Second section focuses on water consumption and production at establishment.
- Third section tackles wastes produced from the economic activity and disposal methods of wastes consumed at the establishment.
- Fourth section speaks about energy consumption and production.
- Fifth section speaks about consumption and production of electricity, heat, cooling and steam.
Identifying the framework:
Economic Environment Survey includes all economic (industrial) establishments in the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC4) by using the framework of economic establishment census.
Sample selection:
The survey sample is selected by using a class sample through dividing the surveyed community into non-overlapping parts characterized by relative harmony in its units. Each part is considered a layer. Each layer is treated as an independent community in which a random sample is taken from each layer independently. At the end, all the sampling units are merged into forming the whole sample. The sample size in the Economic Environment Survey for year 2016 is (3000) establishments.
Data collection method:
By using the direct communication method at the establishment by visiting the establishment and filling in the survey form directly by the person in charge in line with the set timeline;
Data collection instruments:
Data collectors in the Economic Industrial Environment Survey use tablets to fill in data of establishments.
Uploading and archiving data and aggregate metadata on databases:
This can be conducted directly by transferring survey data from tablets to be stored on GASTAT database with a view to keeping a series of historical data.
Aggregate data verifications:
Environmental Statistics Department reviews the data and the data quality unit at the operations department makes the review at the time of the survey and makes sure of the integrity of the data entry and correcting mistakes, if any.
Data collectors follow-up:
A team of specialists at the Central Administration and GASTAT branches and offices make repeated regular visits to each city of the surveyed cities in accordance with a set timeframe. A quality sample is taken automatically citywide and researchers are alerted about any notes or mistakes in the entered data.
Data providers follow-up:
Specialists at the operations room at GASTAT main HQ make random contacts with a number of data providers. Supervisors regularly make random visits and contacts with a number of data providers with a view to making sure of the integrity of collected data and the method used by the researcher during interviewing the respondent.
Used equations and calculation process:
Some mathematical calculations and equations are used to extract the survey results such as:
Quantity of purchased water = (Amount )/(Price per cubic meter)
Quantity of purchased electricity = Amount/180
* Sum = Amount paid in the year.
* Water value in cubic meters range between 0.75-15 riyals
Uploading database output:
Output is uploaded on GASTAT database after being processed and making sure of its integrity.
Output review and processing:
Environmental Statistics Department reviews the data and processes it through an automatic system that uses correction rules.
Data secrecy:
Data are kept in secrecy at GASTAT and are only used for statistical purposes. Individual data of any establishment cannot be published under any circumstances. Only published are aggregate statistical tables at the level of the Kingdom or administrative regions according to the economic activity.
Data publication:
Environmental Statistics Department prepares the whole bulletin and coordinates with the General Authority for Media and Statistical Awareness to be published on GASTAT official website www.stats.gov.sa, which is the official and approved publication platform to make the results reach all segments of beneficiaries in the appropriate mechanism and without delay.
Evaluation and data quality:
To guarantee the data quality at the highest standards, data are reviewed and audited on two stages:
First Stage: During data collection
This is done by following up the workflow at all levels to make sure that data are collected as required. The main lines for quality application are summarized as follows:
- To develop and prepare different programs for checking data and making sure of its integrity and accuracy.
- To make sure of the researcher's arrival at the required location and commitment to the specified time.
- A team of specialists at the Central Administration and GASTAT branches and offices make repeated regular visits to each city of the surveyed cities in accordance with a set timeframe. A quality sample is taken automatically at the level of the city and researcher.
Second Stage: After data publication
After publishing data, the Environmental Statistics Department reviews all comments and notes by clients and beneficiaries to make use of improving data quality in the future.
